Copyright and Licensing

Copyright of all articles published in the journal is retained by the author(s). By submitting a manuscript and agreeing to publication, authors grant the journal a non-exclusive license to publish, reproduce, distribute, archive, and make the work available in electronic and other formats for scholarly communication, indexing, and long-term preservation.

Author Declarations

By submitting a manuscript, the author(s) confirm that:

  • The manuscript is original and has not been previously published in whole or in part
  • They possess full rights to publish all included materials such as text, figures, tables, images, and supplementary files
  • The work does not infringe upon any copyright, proprietary, or intellectual property rights of third parties
  • All ethical and legal responsibilities related to the submitted content remain solely with the author(s)

The journal and its publisher cannot be held responsible for copyright violations or legal issues arising from author-submitted materials.

Licensing and Reuse (CC BY 4.0)

All articles published in the journal are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0).

Under this license, users are permitted to:

  • Read, download, copy, and distribute articles
  • Share and redistribute the material in any medium or format
  • Adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, including commercial use
  • Reuse the content without requesting prior permission

The only requirement is that appropriate credit is given to the original author(s) and the journal, a link to the license is provided, and any modifications are clearly indicated.

License Details: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Author Responsibilities

By submitting a manuscript to the journal, the author(s) agree that:

  • The work is original and not under consideration elsewhere
  • They hold legal rights to all content included in the manuscript
  • The manuscript does not violate copyright, privacy, or intellectual property rights
  • All authors have approved the submission and agree with the publication terms

These policies ensure responsible research communication and support the ethical, transparent, and open dissemination of scholarly work within the global academic community.