FRAGILITY CURVES: A POWERFUL TOOL FOR SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF PILE-SUPPORTED WHARVES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53555/eijse.v2i1.117Keywords:
“Seismic vulnerability analysis, Fragility curves, Pile-supported wharf structures”Abstract
Seismic vulnerability assessment of structures is usually illustrated in the form of fragility curves. These curves show the probability that a component, element or system will be damaged to a given or more severe damage state as a function of a single predictive demand parameter. In addition, these curves are useful for seismic risk assessment and performance based design engineering, as well as prioritization of retrofitting programs. This paper reviews recent works on the seismic vulnerability analysis of pile-supported wharf structures. Different aspects for each paper are reviewed in terms of characteristic of the selected pile-supported wharf structure, institution and procedure of numerical modeling, capabilities of numerical models, analysis method for seismic response evaluation, ground motion records, damage states, intensity measure and obtained results. This paper shows that very limited studies have been performed on the seismic vulnerability of pile-supported wharves indicating a clear need to the development and application of fragility analysis of pile-supported wharf structures.
References
. Werner, S.D., S.E. Dickenson, and C.E. Taylor, Seismic risk reduction at ports: Case studies and acceptable risk evaluation. Journal of waterway, port, coastal, and ocean engineering, 1997. 123(6): p. 337-346.
. Elgamal, A.-W., M. Zeghal, and E. Parra, Liquefaction of reclaimed island in Kobe, Japan. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1996. 122(1): p. 39-49.
. ICHII, K., et al., Seismic performance evaluation charts for gravity type quay walls. Structural Engineering/Earthquake Engineering, 2002. 19(1): p. 21s-31s.
. Iai, S. and T. Sugano. Shake table testing on seismic performance of gravity quay walls. in Proceedings of the 12th WCCE. 2000.
. Erdik, M., B. Üniversitesi, and K. Rasathanesi, Report on 1999 Kocaeli and Düzce (Turkey) Earthquakes. 2000.
. Kayen, R.E., et al., Soil liquefaction in the east bay during the earthquake. The Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October, 17, 1989—Liquefaction, Professional Paper No. 1551-B, 1998: p. 61-86.
. Werner, S., et al., Seismic performance of Port de Port-au-Prince during the Haiti earthquake and post-earthquake restoration of cargo throughput. Earthquake Spectra, 2011. 27(S1): p. S387-S410.
. Werner, S.D., Seismic guidelines for ports. 1998, New York: ASCE Publications.
. seismic design guidelines for port structures 2001: International Navigation Association (PIANC).
. Biondini, F. and D. Frangopol, Life-Cycle Civil Engineering: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Life-Cycle Civil Engineering, IALCCE'08, held in Varenna, Lake Como, Italy on June 11-14, 2008. 2008: CRC Press.
. Abo-El-Ezz, A., M.-J. Nollet, and M. Nastev, Seismic fragility assessment of low-rise stone masonry buildings. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, 2013. 12(1): p. 87-97.
. Erberik, M.A., Fragility-based assessment of typical mid-rise and low-rise RC buildings in Turkey. Engineering Structures, 2008. 30(5): p. 1360-1374.
. Kappos, A.J. and G. Panagopoulos, Fragility curves for reinforced concrete buildings in Greece. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2010. 6(1-2): p. 39-53.
. Akbari, R., Seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete continuous span bridges with irregular configuration. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2010. 8(9): p. 873-889.
. Choe, D.-E., et al., Seismic fragility estimates for reinforced concrete bridges subject to corrosion. Structural Safety, 2009. 31(4): p. 275-283.
. Choi, E., R. DesRoches, and B. Nielson, Seismic fragility of typical bridges in moderate seismic zones. Engineering Structures, 2004. 26(2): p. 187-199.
. Mizuno, K., et al. Construction of the fragility curves of expressway embankment based on actual earthquake data. in Proceedings of Eleventh East Asia-Pacific Conference on Structural Engineering & Construction (EASEC-11). 2008.
. Ellingwood, B. and P.B. Tekie, Fragility analysis of concrete gravity dams. Journal of infrastructure systems, 2001. 7(2): p. 41-48.
. Shinozuka, M., et al., Statistical Analysis of Fragility Curves. Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2000. 126(12): p. 1224-1231.
. Porter, K., R. Hamburger, and R. Kennedy. Practical development and application of fragility functions. in Proc. of SEI Structures Congress, Long Beach CA, America. 2007.
. Na, U.J., S.R. Chaudhuri, and M. Shinozuka, Performance evaluation of pilesupported wharf under seismic loading. Proc., TCLEE, 2009: p. 1032-1041.
. Liam Finn, W., K.W. Lee, and G. Martin, An effective stress model for liquefaction. Electronics Letter, 1977. 103(ASCE 13008 Proceeding).
. Byrne, P.M. A cyclic shear-volume coupling and pore pressure model for sand. in Second International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics (1991: March 11-15; St. Louis, Missouri). 1991. Missouri S&T (formerly the University of Missouri--Rolla).
. Chiou, J.-S., et al., Developing fragility curves for a pile-supported wharf. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2011. 31(5): p. 830-840.
. Chiou, J.-S., H.-H. Yang, and C.-H. Chen, Use of plastic hinge model in nonlinear pushover analysis of a pile. Journal of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering, 2009. 135(9): p. 1341-1346.
. Wang, G.S., F.-K. Huang, and C.-L. Huang. Seismic Fragility Analysis Framework for Pile-supported Wharf. in The Twenty-first International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference. 2011. Maui, Hinduri, USA: International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers.
. Shafieezadeh, A., Seismic vulnerability assessment of wharf structures, in Civil and Environmental Engineering. 2011, Georgia Institute of Technology.
. Shome, N., and Cornell, C. A. 1999. “Probabilistic seismic demand analysis of nonlinear structures.” Reliability of Marine Structures Rep. No. RMS-35, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA.
. Chiou, B., et al., NGA project strong-motion database. Earthquake Spectra, 2008. 24(1): p. 23-44.
. Thomopoulos, C. and C. Lai, Preliminary definition of fragility curves for pilesupported wharves. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2012. 16(sup1): p. 83-106.
. POLA [2004a] Code for Seismic Design, Upgrade and Repair of Container Wharves, Port of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
. POLA [2004b] Commentary to the Code for Seismic Design, Upgrade and Repair of Container Wharves, Port of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
. Yang, C.-S.W., R. DesRoches, and G.J. Rix, Numerical fragility analysis of verticalpile-supported wharves in the western United States. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2012. 16(4): p. 579-594.
. FEMA [2003] HAZUS-MH MR1: Technical Manual, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, D.C
. Jellin, A.R., Improved seismic connections for pile-wharf construction. 2008, University of Washington.
. Brackmann, E.M., Performance tools for piles and pile-to-wharf connections. 2009, University of Washington.
. Heidary Torkamani, H., K. Bargi, and R. Amirabadi, Fragility Curves Derivation for a Pile-Supported Wharf. Journal of Marine Engineering, 2013. 1(1): p. 1-10.
. McCullough, N.J., et al., Centrifuge seismic modeling of pile-supported wharves. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2007. 30(5): p. 349.
. Heidary-Torkamani, H., et al., Fragility estimation and sensitivity analysis of an idealized pile-supported wharf with batter piles. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2014. 61–62(0): p. 92-106.
. Boland, J., et al., The seismic performance of a pile supported wharf centrifuge data and report for test (JCB01). Data report GEG05-2000, 2001.
. Shinozuka, M. Analysis of seismic performance of port facilities. in Workshop on Seismic risk and management of transportation networks purpose. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, Berkeley: University of California. 2009.
. Heidary-Torkamani, H., K. Bargi, and R. Amirabadi, Seismic vulnerability assessment of pile-supported wharves using fragility curves. Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, 2013. 10(11): p. 1417-1431.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 EPH - International Journal of Science And Engineering (ISSN: 2454 - 2016)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
