INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT, OXYGEN DYNAMICS, AND WATER QUALITY FOR SUSTAINABLE SURFACE WATER MANAGEMENT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67772/xg3zqe52Keywords:
Nutrient enrichment, Dissolved oxygen, Surface water quality, Eutrophication, Sustainable water managementAbstract
Surface-water quality is increasingly influenced by nutrient enrichment, oxygen-demand processes, and localized pollution pressures, making integrated assessment essential for sustainable water management. This study examined the interrelationships among ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and supporting physicochemical indicators across three monitoring locations and seasonal categories. A total of 36 observations were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The results revealed pronounced spatial variability, with Jabalpur showing the highest mean concentrations of ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and COD. Significant spatial differences were observed for all major nutrient and oxygen-related variables, whereas seasonal differences were not statistically significant. Strong positive associations were found between nitrite and phosphate and between several nutrient indicators and COD. In contrast, nitrate showed only a weak relationship with dissolved oxygen, explaining approximately 3.5% of DO variability. These findings indicate that oxygen dynamics are shaped by multiple interacting environmental and physicochemical factors rather than nutrient concentration alone. The study highlights the importance of spatially targeted monitoring and integrated nutrient-oxygen assessment for effective and sustainable surface-water management.
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