Impact of Seasonal Variability on Photovoltaic-Based Energy Management Systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69980/b3a0jm26Keywords:
Photovoltaic systems, Seasonal variability, Energy management systemAbstract
The study investigates the impact of seasonal variability on photovoltaic-based energy management systems by analyzing hourly photovoltaic generation, electricity consumption, demand, and electricity price data across winter, spring, summer, and autumn. A quantitative secondary-data approach was employed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, effect size analysis, Pearson correlation, and seasonal energy performance assessment. The results revealed significant seasonal differences in all investigated variables. Photovoltaic generation was highest in summer and spring, with average values of 1075.05 kW and 1046.98 kW, respectively, while winter recorded the highest electricity consumption at 2839.99 kW. ANOVA confirmed statistically significant seasonal effects on photovoltaic generation, consumption, demand, and electricity prices (p < 0.001). The highest generation-to-demand ratio was observed in summer (0.515), followed by spring (0.431), indicating greater renewable energy utilization during high solar-resource periods. Economic analysis showed that spring achieved the lowest total electricity cost (€423,822.27), whereas winter recorded the highest cost (€558,311.18). Correlation analysis further indicated significant relationships among photovoltaic generation, consumption, and electricity prices. Overall, the findings demonstrate that seasonal variability strongly affects the technical and economic performance of photovoltaic-based energy management systems. The study highlights the need for season-aware energy management strategies to improve renewable energy utilization, reduce grid dependency, and enhance operational cost efficiency.
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